从《雾都孤儿》看狄更斯小说的现实性与童话性

AN ANALYSIS OF DICKENS' REALISTIC AND ROMANTIC THINKING FROM OLIVER TWIST

查尔斯·狄更斯是英国批判现实主义小说的代表作家。《雾都孤儿》作为其早期作品,其中有不少现实性的描写,表现在儿童生活的现实性、下层人士生活的现实性以及司法的现实性等方面。然而,小说中也出现了不少童话性的描写。究其原因,从系统的观点看,构成狄更斯童话性话语系统的关系项主要有客观环境、自组织,以及狄更斯的创作态度等。他的现实性描写,真实再现了资本主义制度下穷苦儿童艰难的处境,而童话性的描写,则是其对社会自上而下改革的美好愿望。

Charles Dickens was one of the representative novelists of English critical realism. As one of his earliest novels, there are many descriptions that reflect the then reality in Oliver Twist, like the life of poor children and lower class people and the then judicial system. However, there are also many romantic descriptions in the novel. As for the reasons for romantic writing, from the perspective of system, the relational terms that form the system of Dickens＇ romantic discourse include objective environment, self-organization and Dickens＇ writing attitude. His realistic depiction reveals poor children＇s hard life in capitalistic society, while the use of romantic writing reflects his good wishes for top-down reform of the society.