我国农业扭曲状况分析——基于世界银行农业扭曲指数数据库的考察

Agricultural Distortions in China: An Analysis Based on World Bank's Database

长期以来,农业部门的扭曲程度要远高于非农业部门,发达国家往往对农业进行正保护,而大多数发展中国家则采取对农业征税的态度,其中包括中国。本文采用世界银行农业扭曲指数数据库对我国农业扭曲状况进行分析,发现在相当长的一段时期内,我国对农业实行负保护,这集中体现在名义支持率为负值,不过随着我国政策向农业的倾斜,这一负值开始逐步减少,并且在1995年之后变为正值。通过分析我国的贸易减少指数和福利减少指数,得到两个重要结论,一是我国的贸易和福利状况在不断得到改善,二是不同农产品在这两个指数构成中存在很大的差异。

The degree of distortions to agricultural sector is much higher than non - agricultural sector for a long time. Incentives faced by farmers in developing countries were typically depressed by government policies, in contrast to the situation in most developed countries. This paper uses the indexes developed by World Bank to analyze agricultural distortions in China and shows that anti - agricultural, anti - trade, and welfare - reducing policies were prevalent in China for a long time which were reflected by negative NRA. With agricultural and trade policies reformed, NRA had declined and turned to be positive since 1995. Two clear conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of TRI and WRI in China. One is that situation of trade and welfare has been improved substantially, the other is that weights of different commodities in TRI and WRI vary a lot.