辽河流域社会经济活动的COD污染负荷

COD pollution load of social and economic activities in Liaohe River Basin, China

辽河流域污染物的输入是辽东湾海洋环境变化的最主要原因,治理海洋污染的根本在于治理陆域污染。以辽河流域COD污染为研究对象,在社会经济数据空间化及与土地利用数据匹配的基础上剔除了部分无效数据,提高了流域污染物估算和空间分析的精度,估算结果表明:2010年辽河流域COD总污染负荷约101万t,其中居民生活和畜禽养殖排放合计占总污染负荷的80%,是流域COD污染的主要来源;工业源污染占11%;城市径流污染占9%。COD污染主要分布在辽河平原,且以面源污染为主,约有30万t入河。生物体代谢是COD污染的主要来源,污染物排放总量难于降低,辽河流域的COD污染压力短期内依然严峻。

The Liaohe River Basin is an important economic zone in Liaoning province, which contributes 60% of industrial output value and 57% value-added of tertiary industry of Liaoning province. At the same time, its development also leads to negative environmental influence, especially, rich COD in this basin, an important indicator of national pollution control, which can cause aquatic plant hypoxia, even death. This paper focused on COD pollution of the Liaohe River Basin and estimated the COD pollution loads of agricultural production, industrial production, domestic living, and urban runoff respectively. The results showed that： （1） in 2010, the total COD pollution load of the Liaohe River Basin reached about 1, 015, 000 tons, of which the pollution loads from domestic living and livestock industry were the main sources of COD pollution, and reached 815, 000 tons, accounting for 80% of the total pollution loads, while the pollution loads from industrial production and urban runoff contributed 112, 000 and 87, 000 tons respectively. （2） The COD emissions of industrial pollutants had been significantly reduced in the basin due to the pollution treatment of waste water from paper industry. Study also found that although industrial COD pollution loads accounted for a smaller proportion in the total pollution load, it was the major factor causing serious water pollution because of its emission characteristics. （3） Non-point source pollution was the main way of water environmental pollution. Furthermore, the cuts of COD emissions in the Liaohe River Basin cannot be expected in a short term because of the difficulty to control non-point source pollution. COD pollution pressures would be existing for a long time in this region. （4） The technological progress and mode innovation on the aspects of pollutant discharge would be the efficient and feasible measures to cut off the COD pollution emission in the Liaohe River Basin.