反问格式“有什么X”的否定模式与否定等级——互动交际模式中的语用否定个案分析

"You shenme X" (有什么X) and "mei (you) shenme X" (没(有)什么X): A case study of pragmatic negation in interactive modes

反问格式"有什么X"是一种基于互动的有标记间接回应方式,具有语用否定的功能,可以对行、知、言三域引发语的前提实施知域否定,根据回应的直接程度可分为"前提—引发"一致式、推导式、隐含式、非推导式几种模式。在叙事语体、评论语体中,主要针对他人、自己原有或社会普遍存在的观点观念等知域引发语实施否定,构成一种广义的互动形态。反问格式"有什么X"在各种否定方式的强度序列中否定等级最高,伴随有表达主要信息和具有强烈主观性的特征,它与否定格式"没(有)什么X"在句法、语义、语篇功能等方面存在着一系列的差异,皆可在否定等级及伴随特征的对立中得到解释。

The rhetorical question ' You Shenme X' is a marked indirect response in interaction environments with a function of pragmatic negation and an epistemic meaning.According to die degrees the directness of response,the construction can be divided into four interactive modes:'premise- trigger' unified mode,derivatized mode,implicated mode,and non-derivatized mode.In narrative and comment styles,it forms a generalized interactive mode by epistemically negating the previous views of the speakers' or others',or even the social common ideas.The differences in syntax,semantics and discourse functions between the rhetorical question ' You Shenme X' and the negative ' Mei(you) Shenme X' can be uniformly explained with the contrasting concepts ' interaction vs.non-interaction ' and ' premise negation vs.direct negation'.