不同寄主锁阳种子质量差异及相互寄生关系研究

Differences of Cynomorium songaricum seed quality and mutual parasitism in different host plants

以自然条件下充分成熟的唐古特白刺、泡果白刺、西伯利亚白刺、霸王、骆驼蓬上寄生的锁阳种子为研究对象,研究其种子形态特征、胚率、生活力、千粒重、净度、含水量的差异及不同寄主种子的相互寄生关系。结果表明,不同寄主锁阳种子在形态、颜色及表面状态极其相似,根据种子形态,无法对其寄主进行判断,对于寄主为唐古特白刺、西伯利亚白刺、骆驼蓬上的锁阳种子,可选用稍小于0.923 1 mm和稍大于1.066 2 mm的圆孔筛清选种子,对于寄生于泡果白刺上的锁阳种子,可选用稍小于0.926 1 mm和稍大于0.985 3 mm的圆孔筛清选种子,对于寄生于霸王上的锁阳种子,可选用稍小于0.751 3 mm和稍大于1.035 3 mm的圆孔筛清选种子;锁阳种子形态指标之间极显著相关(P<0.01),形态指标与千粒重之间显著相关(0.01<P<0.05),而与生活力和胚率相关性不显著,千粒重与生活力和胚率不相关,但生活力和胚率极显著相关(P<0.01);完全成熟的各寄主的锁阳种子生活力和优良度很高,含水量很低,净度较低,在质量评定和分级时应考虑生境和寄主间的差异;锁阳种子对寄主无选择性,不同寄主的锁阳种子可以在其他寄主上寄生。

In natural conditions, fully ripe Cynomorium songaricum seeds parasitize in Nitraria tangutorum or N. sphaerocarpa or N. sibirica or Zygophyllum xanthoxylom and Peganum harmala, were used in this study to research the morphological characteris- tics, embryo rate, seed viability, 1 000-grain weight, purity, water content and the seeds of different host parasitic relationship with each other. The results showed that the morphology, color and surface characteristics of the C. songaricum seeds are very similar in dif- ferent hosts. According to the seed morphology can not be judged on its host. For the host to N. tangutorum or Peganum harmala or N. sibirica, we should choose the round hale screen less than O. 923 1 mm and larger than 1. 066 2 mm to cleaning seeds. For the C. songaricum seeds parasitic in N. sphaerocarpa, the choice of slightly less than 0. 926 1 mm and larger than 0. 985 3 mm round hole screen to cleaning. For the parasitic seeds in Z. xanthoxylom, less than 0. 751 3 mm and slightly larger than 1. 035 3 mm round hole screen could be used. Highy significant correlation was found among the morphological indexes in C. songaricum seeds （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Morphological indexes and 1000-grain weight were significantly correlated （0. 01 〈 P 〈 0. 05 ）, but with the seed viability and the em- bryo rate were not found significant correlation. Grain weight is not related with the seed viability and the Fully mature C. songaricum seed viability is high and water content is low. The difference of the habitats and the host plants should be considered in the seed quali- ty assessment and classification. The C. songaricum seeds on host plants are not selective, and the C. songaricum seeds from the host plants could be parasitized in other host plants.