近代上海公园的民主化景观

A Democratic Sight of Modern Shanghai Parks

近代上海公园的开放性不仅意味着入园自由,而且带来了议题自由和表达自由,从而使"公开争论"这一民主要素得以旺盛生长;由于交流和互动成为公园最普遍的现象,园众得以"了解情况"、"认知问题"继而"达成共识",从而树立了"参与"这一民主标尺。以公开争论和参与为基点,近代上海公园培养着公众的民主精神和民主习惯,形成了公意,凝聚了国民力量,成为影响政府决策甚至国家政策的场域。遗憾的是,在政体民主残缺的环境下,近代上海公园的民主常处于风雨飘摇、难以为继的窘境。

The openness of modern parks in Shanghai did not only mean free entrance, but also brought up the freedom in topics and expression ways, which let the democratic factors of open controversy develop vigorously and set up a democratic gauge of participation. Based on open controversy and participation, the modern parks in Shanghai cultivated the public democracy spirit and democratic custom, formed some public consciousness, cohered national forces and became a field that could influence governmental decision and even the policies of the state. Unfortunately, in an environment of incomplete government system, the democracy of modern Shanghai's parks existed often in an awkward and tottering situation difficult to sustain.