中国草原畜牧业可持续发展的经济学分析

Economic Analysis on the Sustainable Development of China's Grazing Husbandry

从经济学的角度分析发现,短期内草原畜牧业要可持续发展,应继续明晰草原产权,严格草原进入权;通过环境政策干预,对牧民进行生态补偿,减缓草原生态恶化和承载力下降;并通过基础设施、产业组织、生产要素、市场支持和公共服务等系统性的产业政策支持,引导牧民逐步转变生产方式,提高生产效率和收入,实现草原畜牧业质量型发展。草原畜牧业可持续发展的根本还在于把草原上过多的人口转移出去。

Analysis from the perspective of economics found that： 1） To get the short term sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry, grassland property rights should continue to be explicit and the access to use the grassland should be restricted; Environmental policy and the eco-compensation for the herdsman should be carried out to slow down the grassland ecological deterioration and the bearing capacity decline; Industrial policies on infrastructure, industrial organization, essential production factors, and market support and public services, should be developed and implemented to promote the transformation of the mode of animal production, improve the efficiency of production and income. 2） The fundamental way of the sustainable development of grazing husbandry lies in the transfer of surplus labor force in pasturing area.