中美商业银行效率的实证判断与比较

A Comparative Study of Bank Efficiency between China and the U.S.

本文采用SFA法对中美商业银行效率进行测度和比较,然后,进一步对导致效率差异的原因进行深入考察。实证结果表明:2005年之前我国银行业效率低于美国;2005年之后,特别是2007年次贷危机之后,我国银行业效率开始超过美国。主要原因有,宏观经济状况好转,银行安全水平提高,不良贷款比率下降,银行业务结构优化。但是,我国银行业效率过多依赖于宏观经济状况的良好表现,为保持其持久竞争力,应更多关注内生性运营效率的提升。

This paper applies the stochastic frontier methodology to measure and compare the bank efficiency of China and USA, and further investigates the factors causing this efficiency difference. The empirical results suggest that the average effi- ciency of China banks is inferior to USA banks before 2005. But since then, especially after the 2007 subprime mortgage cri- sis, the average efficiency of China banks was significantly higher than USA banks, which is mainly due to the sound macro- economic performance of China, the improving bank safety level, the declining bad loan ratio and the optimizing business structure. However, the efficiency of China banking sector relies heavily on the macroeconomic performance. In order to keep competitive advantage in the long run, China banks should focus more on the improvement of internal operational efficiency.