数字图像处理在隧道工程地质分析中的应用研究

Research on Digital Image Processing Technology Used in Geological Analysis of Tunnel Engineering

掌子面中含有大量地质信息,但如何快速、有效地进行信息提取和分析并不容易,对如何提取和利用掌子面的地质信息进行研究。该方法首先利用数字图像处理技术对掌子面图像进行比例缩放、亮度及对比度调节、边缘检测、边界提取,利用提取的结构面边界信息统计分析得到节理组数、平均裂隙间距、产状,同时经对结构面边界线形成的图形进行处理,并且根据各相邻掌子面上结构面边界线的对应关系,建立隧道三维地质结构数字模型,同时生成地质素描图,并根据三维模型对开挖掌子面前方的结构面空间分布情况作出预测。该方法数据采集及数据处理简便、快捷,分析结果较为客观,在隧道工程中有较好的应用价值。

A working face of tunnel contains a lot of geological information, however it is never an easy job to extract and analyze that geological information quickly and effectively. Thus the author in this paper studied a method of how to extract and use that geological information. In this method, first of all, the images of working face was processed by using digital image processing technology in aspects of the scaling, brightness and contrast ratio adjustment, edge detection, and boundary extraction. Subsequently, the information of structural plane boundary was analyzed to deduce the number of the joint set, the average crack spacing and the occurrence. Simultaneously, through the processing to the image formed by structural plane boundary, and according to the corresponding relations of the structural plane boundary between every adjacent working faces, a digital model of three-dimensional geological structure of the tunnel was set up, accompanied by the generating of the geological sketch figure. Further on, with the above-mentioned three-dimensional model, the spatial distribution of structural planes in the front where had not been excavated was predicted. It is concluded that by virtue of conciseness, quickness, accuracy and objectivity, this method has great application value in tunnel engineering for data acquisition and data processing.