重庆涪陵槽沟洞战国巴人洞穴居址调查简报

A Preliminary Investigation Report on the Caogou Cave Dwelling Site of the Ba People During the Warring States Period in Fuling District of Chongqing

槽沟洞位于重庆市涪陵区荔枝街道蒿枝坝村5组,洞口面向南方,洞口海拔高度548.5米。2008年,重庆师范大学、重庆市文物考古所、涪陵区博物馆等单位对该洞穴进行调查,发现有罐、釜、鍪、豆等陶器器型。器型特点与三峡地区战国时期巴文化器物特征一致,并且兼具有楚文化某些特点。出土动物骨骼种类较多,包括有野猪、麂、水鹿、水牛、猪獾、熊、虎、豹、鲤鱼、鳡鱼、青鱼、白头蝰蛇等。三峡地区巴人居址以前主要发现于临江阶地,槽沟洞遗址首次证明战国时期巴人也曾以洞穴为居所。遗址遗物反映出巴文化与楚文化相互融合,以及三峡地区山地居民与滨江居民文化交流现象。遗址中白头蝰蛇遗骸是巴文化遗址中第一次发现蛇类骨骼。

The Caogou Cave is located in Group 5 of Haozlfiba Village, Lichee Township, Fuling District, Chongqing City. The entrance to the cave is 548.5 meters above sea level, facing south. It was investigated in 2008 by Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing Municipal Cultural Heritage Re- search Academy and Fuling District Museum. The excavation unearthed pottery wares including Guan- pots, Fu-kettles, Ao-pots, and Dou-saucers. The shape of the pottery wares are the same as that of the Ba Culture during Warring States Period in the Three Gorges area; however, they also bear some char- acteristics of the Chu Culture. Faunal remains of several animal species were recovered from the cave, including wild boar, muntjac, sambar, water buffalo, Arctonyx collaris, bear, tiger, leopard, cyprinoid, Elopichthys bambusa, black carp, Azemiops feae, etc. Most of the dwelling sites of the Ba People dis- covered prior this investigation were distributed on the terraces along the Yangtze River, whereas the discovery of this site suggests that the Ba People also dwelled in caves during the Warring States period. The excavation discovered snake bones for the first time within the Ba Culture sites, which is of great significance for studying the living environment and the snake faith of the Ba People.