重庆插旗山崖墓(M1)人工开凿与装饰痕迹观察

An Analysis on the Manual Cutting Marks and Decorations in the Cliff Tomb(M1)at the Mt. Chaqi Site in Chongqing

崖墓是重庆地区汉代重要墓葬形式之一。本文通过对重庆璧山县插旗山崖墓(M1)人工开凿和装饰性痕迹观察,确认该墓穴在进行开凿和装饰性加工时,使用了一种刃宽11毫米的平口直刃铁凿。墓穴内除局部区域保存有墓穴开凿痕外,其它大部分区域使用铁凿进行了装饰性加工。工匠在对墓穴进行内部装饰性加工时,先对墓顶和壁面进行了分区、分层、分块的规划,然后在规划出的各个装饰区块里,以铁凿凿制出线条,用线条组合出各种装饰内容。铁凿凿制出的装饰性线条,反映古代工匠凿制工作中速度匀称、力度稳定,具有技术熟练、工作模式较为固定等特征。

The clifftomb is one of a kind special tomb type in Chongqing during Han Dynasty. Bas- ed on careful observation to the manual cutting marks and decorations of the CliffTomb （M1） the Mt. Chaqi site of Bishan County, this paper affirms that the fiat-and-straight- edge iron chisel, the edge of eleven millimeters width, was used to cut and decorate the tomb. Most area inside the tomb was pro- cessed by the iron chisel, except some marks was made when the tomb was being excavated. When the craftsperson decorated the tomb, first they divided the top and the wall of into several parts, and then they carved lines by the iron chisel, finally they decorated the tomb with these lines. The decorative lines illustrate the equal speed and strength of carving, professional techniques, and fixed working mode.