土地整治中农民居住方式变化的生态环境行为效应分析

The Impact of Changes in Farmers' Residences on Eco-Environmental Behavior During Land Consolidation in Nanjing

土地整治带来了农民由分散到集中的居住方式变化,由此也对农民生活及农村生态产生了一系列的影响。本文基于南京市高淳县、溧水县以及六合区18个村183个农户的调研数据,分集中居住(10个村,101个农户样本)与分散居住(8个村,82个农户样本)两个组,并运用描述性分析、对比分析、独立样本T检验等方法对集中居住区与分散居住区农民生态环境行为进行了差异性分析。结果表明:土地整治中农民居住集中化,与此同时其生活方式、生态环境行为方式也出现了与分散居住区农民显著不同的变化。集中居住区农户与分散居住区农户相比,在生活垃圾、生活污水处置方式、能源及户厕使用种类等方面存在显著差异,总体上,集中居住区农户生活废物废水的处理方式得到好转,能源利用效率提升。因下水管网建设不完善或缺少处理设施,集中居住区生活污水大多集中后外排,这种排污模式对社区外生态环境造成不良影响,同时使农民生活排污的外部性影响由社区内转变为社区外。这对今后改进土地整治工作而言,必须考虑到农民居住方式变化的生态环境行为效应。在相应评估基础上的土地整治才能处理好农业生产、农民生活及农村生态之间的关系,对三生空间格局的优化才具有真正的指导意义和示范价值。

Here, we apply descriptive analysis, comparative analysis and independent sample t-tests to examine differences in farmer eco-environmental behavior between decentralized residential districts and centralized residential districts. Surveys were done in Gaochun County, Lishui County and Liuhe District of Nanjing in 2012 and included 10 villages （101 farmers） in centralized residential districts, and eight villages （82 farmers） in decentralized residential districts. The results show that land consolidation results in the centralization of farmers＇ residential patterns. In particular, centralized residential districts are different from decentralized residential districts in farmers＇ treatment of household garbage and domestic sewage, use of energy and toilets. On the whole, farmers＇ settlement of domestic waste and domestic sewage is optimized with the promotion of energy efficiency in centralized residential districts. Negative externalities of farmers＇ domestic pollutant emissions change from the pollution inside residential districts to pollution outside centralized residential districts. To farmers living in decentralized residential districts, the change in external effects results in different impacts on the rural environment. Land consolidation makes farmers＇ residential patterns centralized and results in significant changes in farmer eco-environmental behavior compared with those in decentralized residential districts. It is important for future policy to improve land consolidation and optimize spatial patterns comprising agricultural production, farmers＇ living and the rural environment.