1980—1981年院士制度在中国的筹备与搁浅

The Preparation and the Stranding of Academician System in China from 1980 to 1981

基于档案资料,考察了1980—1981年院士制度在中国的筹备经过与搁浅的原因及影响。这次院士制度的筹备导因于中国社会科学院院长、中央委员胡乔木的提议。筹备工作由中国科学院、中国社会科学院和国家科学技术委员会联合进行。1980年筹备期间,在胡乔木、方毅的推动下,经由钱三强、于光远、武衡等负责操办,形成《中国科学院、中国社会科学院院士条例(草案)》定稿和《关于建立院士制度问题的请示报告》。1980年10月21日,国务院常务会议同意了这3个单位上报的该请示报告。按照这次建立院士制度的计划,中国科学院和中国社会科学院将通过选举杰出科学家为院士的途径,建立终身纯粹学术荣誉性的院士制度,在中国形成真正的学术权威。但主要因为1981年5月许多学部委员于中国科学院第四次学部委员大会强烈反对实行院士制度,这一计划搁浅。学部委员持反对意见的根源是,这次拟建之院士制度对他们而言不免激进和理想化,也与学部委员制度存在冲突。这一计划的搁浅是后来中国科学院未能建立与学部委员制度并行不悖的院士制度的影响因素之一。

Based on archive materials, this paper studies the process of the preparation and the reasons and the influence of the stranding of the academician system in China from 1980 to 1951. The preparation of the academician system started from Hu Qiaomu＇s proposal and unfolded by Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and State Scientific and Technological Commission. Hu was the director of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the member of the CPC Central Committee. In 1980, under the promotion of Hu Qiaomu and Fang Yi and the arrangements of Qian Sanqiang, Yu Guangyuan and Wu Heng, and others, two documents were finalized. One is the Draft of Regulations of Academician System of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The other is the Report on the Problems of Establishment of Academician System. The executive meeting of the State Council approved the report, prepared by the three units, on October 21, 1980. According to the academician system regulated by the preparatory work, the two academies planned to establish the lifelong and pure academic honorary academician system through electing outstanding scientists to establish real academic authority in China. But the plan was stranded in 1981. The main reason of this result is that many members of Chinese Academy of Sciences strongly opposed to carry out the academician system during the fourth meeting of members of the Academy in May, 1981. The reasons of their opposition were that the regulated academician system was not only radical and idealistic for them, but also in conflict with the system of the members of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The plan＇s stranding is one factor that the Chinese Academy of Sciences failed to establish parallel systems of the academician and the member of the Academy.