社会生产三大部类划分与经济结构调整

The Division of Three Major Categories of Social Production and Structural Adjustment of Economy

马克思把物质资料生产划分为生产资料和消费资料两大部类,具有不可磨灭的科学意义,但是难以全面反映当代社会产品结构和生产结构,可以也应当结合当代经济实际予以拓展,在两大部类划分基础上引入第三部类概念,实行三大部类划分。概括地说,第一部类是指进入生产消费的物质资料产品及其生产部门或行业;第二部类是指进入人们的生活消费的物质资料产品及其生产部门或行业;第三部类进入生产消费或生活消费的非物质资料产品及其生产部门或行业。这样按照社会产品结构来划分社会生产三大部类结构,划分结果比较周延,有利于根据社会产品同社会需要相适应的程度来判断国民经济结构是否合理,也有利于坚持、发展和应用马克思主义经济学。

Marx categorizes production of material goods into means of production and means of consumption.While this categorization has its indelible scientific significance,it can't fully reflect structure of modern social products and production.We may and should extend it according to the current situation by introducing the third category based on the former two.Generally speaking,the first category includes material products for production consumption and relevant production units or industries.The second category refers to the material products for household consumption and relevant production units or industries.The third category covers the non-material products for production or household consumption and its relevant production units or industries.This division of social production into three major categories according to the structure of social products helps to judge whether the structure of national economy is rational based on the adaptedness of social products to the demands of the society.It also helps us to practice,develop and apply Marxist economics.