不同缓控释氮肥对高羊茅草坪生长及硝态氮土壤残留与淋失的影响

Effects of Different Slow-controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Festuca arundinacea Growth,Nitrate Nitrogen Residual and Leaching Loss

通过田间小区和渗滤桶试验相结合的方法,研究树脂包膜尿素（释放期为30d的PCU30和释放期为60d的PCU60）,硫包衣尿素（SCU）,抑制剂缓释尿素（UI）和普通尿素（U）对高羊茅草坪生长、氮素吸收及硝态氮土壤残留与淋失的影响。结果表明,与U处理相比,在全年施氮量260kg/hm2的情况下,4种缓控释氮肥均可显著提高草屑累积量和肥料利用率。其中PCU60和SCU处理肥料利用率分别为22.51%和23.07%,显著高于其他处理。PCU30、PCU60和SCU 3种包膜型缓控释肥料土壤中硝态氮残留高于其他施氮处理（P〈0.05）。试验中各处理的硝态氮淋溶量水平较低,在1.2-3.99kg/hm2之间,损失从高到低依次为：U〉UI〉SCU〉PCU30〉PCU60,其中U处理的硝态氮累积淋溶量显著高于其他处理。综合试验结果,北京地区高羊茅草坪一年分春秋2次施用PCU60可满足草坪正常生长需要,降低氮素淋溶损失,提高肥料利用率,适于推广应用。

Field plot and lysimeter experiments were conducted to study the effects of two kinds of macromolecule polymer coated urea that the nitrogen release period were 30days and 60days（PCU30,PCU60）,sulfur coated urea（SCU）,urea mixed with nitrification inhibitor（UI）and urea（U）on grass growth,nitrogen uptake,nitrate nitrogen residual and leaching loss in Festuca arundinacea.Results showed that application of four kinds of slow-controlled release nitrogen fertilizer at total rate of 260kg/hm2 per year could significantly increase clipping yields of turf and nitrogen use efficiency（NUE）compared with U treatment.The NUE of PCU60and SCU were 22.51% and 23.07% respectively,significantly higher than other treatments.The nitrate nitrogen remain in soil of coated urea（PCU30,PCU60and SCU）treatment was higher than other treatments（P0.05）.The nitrate nitrogen leaching loss of all treatments was low which were 1.2~3.99 kg/hm2,and U treatment was significantly higher than other treatments.The order of the leaching loss was U UISCU PCU30 PCU60.Considering experiment results,PCU60should be taken as a suitable fertilizer on Festuca arundinacea with twice application in spring and autumn for a year in Beijing area,which could increase nitrogen use efficiency and reduce nitrate nitrogen leaching loss,and was more applicable as lawn fertilizer.