南昌市4所不同类型高校大学生艾滋病知识需求与歧视态度

Knowledge and discrimination regarding HIV /AIDS among low-grade college students in Nanchang

目的了解南昌市低年级大学生艾滋病知晓状况和艾滋病歧视态度,为开展相关教育提供参考依据。方法在南昌市4所不同类型高校内,根据年级与专业进行分层整群抽样,共1 079名大学生参与艾滋病相关问卷匿名调查,收集有效问卷918份;调查内容主要包括一般情况、艾滋病相关知识、对艾滋病感染者/病人的态度以及教育需求。结果大学生艾滋病知识总知晓率为61.7%,其中传播途径知晓率为73.9%,非传播途径及预防知识知晓率较低,分别为40.3%和35.5%;在艾滋病传播和非传播途径上,女生知晓率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。低年级大学生对艾滋病感染者/病人歧视现象普遍,且没有明显的性别、专业差异(P值均>0.05)。65.5%的大学生认为自己接受的艾滋病宣传和教育还不够,73.5%的调查对象愿意接受艾滋病病人对其进行宣传培训。结论在校低年级大学生艾滋病相关知识有待进一步提高,对艾滋病病毒感染者/病人存在一定的歧视。

Objective To determine the extent of knowledge and discrimination of HIV/AIDS among low-grade college students.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling method,a total of 1 079 students from 4 different types of colleges and universities participated in the anonymous self-report questionnaire survey,which included general information,AIDS related knowledge,attitude toward HIV infectors or AIDS patients and education demand.Results Among 918 valid questionnaires,61.7% had proper knowledge regarding HIV / AIDS,73.86% reported awareness of the three transmission routes.However,the awareness of non-transmission routes and prevention strategy was quite low（40.31% and 35.51%,respectively）.Gender difference was found in the knowledge of HIV / AIDS.Discrimination to people living with HIV / AIDS was common,and there were no significant differences in gender and majoring.About 65.5% of the students reported insufficient HIV / AIDS education and 73.5% of the respondents were willing to accept the education from people living with HIV / AIDS.Conclusion The awareness level of HIV / AIDS among low-grade university students needs to be improved,and discrimination regarding HIV / AIDS patients still exists.