西安地区西汉墓文化因素分析

Analysis on the Cultural Elements Presented by Western Han Tombs in Xi'an

文化因素分析是考古学研究的最主要方法之一,本文以已公布的资料为基础,对西安地区西汉墓葬的考古学文化因素进行了分析,认为在西汉中期之前西安地区汉墓主要表现出对"周"、"秦"、"楚"等文化的继承与发展,对"周"文化的继承是框架性的、间接性的,主要体现在礼制方面,如棺椁、礼器、乐器、车马等,对"秦"、"楚"文化的继承则是直接的、具体的,如墓形型、器类、器形、装饰等方面。西汉中期以后,逐渐形成了独具特征的汉代葬制,如砖室墓、釉陶器、礼制方面衰弱、生活明器盛行等。

The analysis of cultural element is the most comment and widely applied method in archaeological study. Based upon data published so far, this article tries to study and break down elements of archaeological culture represented by the Western Han burials in the Xi＇ an area. One key conclusion drawn from data is that the Han burial practice inherited various elements from the Zhou, Qin, and Chu cultures. In regard to the Zhou culture, the adoption is ＇ indirect＇ in the sense that only the practices of using certain numbers of coffins and chambers, ritual vessels, musical instruments, chariot fittings, etc Were inherited. Yet, the Han burial practice can be considered as a direct descendant of the Qin and Chu cultures because of the adoption of their burial shapes, assemblages of burial goods, shapes of artifacts, and decorative motifs. After the Middle Western Han period, the Han mortuary practice eventually became full-blown which was characterized by the popularization of brick-chamber tombs, glazed pottery, the fade of the ritual system, and the dominance of miniature demonstrating daily lives.