中国特色对外援助理论建构初探

Initial Steps towards Constructing a Foreign Assistance Theory withChinese Characteristics

中国日益全面参与国际发展援助体系及其对国际发展援助体系的影响,逐渐升温的有关2015年后国际发展议程的讨论,对中国提供更多思想性公共产品的呼吁,以及建构中国特色外交理论的总体需求,都呼唤着中国特色对外援助的理论探讨。文章在回顾既有研究的基础上,指出中国的对外援助已经形成本体论、认识论、方法论和实践论的"四位一体"格局:以利他主义和共赢精神为核心的本体论,发展目的至上的认识论,平等和开放的方法论,以及强调综合手段和循序渐进的实践论。这四个方面既相互影响又相互强化,不仅取得了良好的实践效果,还共同塑造了中国特色的对外援助理论。中国特色对外援助理论某种程度上是南南合作精神的体现,是对目前占主导地位的西方对外援助理论的纠正,对建构2015年后国际发展共识和新型全球发展伙伴关系具有重要意义。

China's increasingly participating in international development assistance system and it's influence towards international development assistance frameworks on a comprehensive basis,the warming debate around the Post-2015 Millennium Development Goals(MDGs),and the calls for providing more intellectual public goods by China,all these factors have generated a demand for the construction of a foreign assistance theory with Chinese characteristics.Based on a review of existing literature,this article argues that Chinese foreign assistance has already taken on ontological,epistemological,methodological and empirical forms.Taken together,these can be referred to as the 'four in one' approach:a core ontology based on altruism and a win-win spirit of cooperation;an epistemology based on development as the ultimate objective;a methodology based on equality and openness;an empirical practice based on an integrated and progressive approach.Collectively,they also represent a theory of foreign assistance with Chinese characteristics.To a certain extent,this theory is the realization of the spirit of South-South cooperation,and represents an adjustment to theories of aid guided by Western development actors.