沈阳市2008-2010年病媒生物监测结果分析

Analysis of surveillance results of vectors in Shenyang,China during 2008-2010

目的掌握2008-2010年沈阳市病媒生物种群构成及密度,为病媒生物性传染病的预防控制提供技术支撑。方法鼠、蚊、蝇、蜚蠊类监测分别采用夹夜法、诱蚊灯法、笼诱法和粘捕法,调查鼠、蚊、蝇、蜚蠊的种群及密度。结果2008-2010年沈阳市鼠密度分别为0.31%、0.18%和0.16%,农村自然村最高,优势种为褐家鼠;成蚊密度监测分别为8.56、10.52和20.14只/(灯·h),牲畜圈最高,优势种为淡色库蚊、刺扰伊蚊、背点伊蚊和中华按蚊;蝇密度分别为14.93、10.31和7.51只/笼,餐饮业外环境最高,优势种为丝光绿蝇、厩腐蝇和家蝇;德国小蠊密度分别为1.41、1.05和0.94只/张,侵害率分别为36.97%、25.75%和22.82%,医院及农贸市场密度和侵害率较高。结论通过3年监测基本掌握了沈阳市主要病媒生物的种群构成和密度情况。

Objective To identify the species compositions and densities of vectors in Shenyang, China during 2008-2010 and to provide technical support for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. Methods Rodents, mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches were monitored using traps set at night, mosquito lamps, cage traps, and glue traps, respectively, to determine their species and densities. Results From 2008 to 2010, the rodent densities were 0.31%, 0.18% and 0.16%, respectively, with the highest density found in rural areas, and the dominant species was Rattus norvegicus. The adult mosquito densities were 8.56, 10.52 and 20.14 mosquitoes per light trap hour, respectively, with the highest density found in livestock pens, and the dominant species were Culex pipiens pallens, Aedes vexans, Ae. dorsalis and Anopheles sinensis. The fly densities were 14.93, 10.31 and 7.51 flies per cage-day, respectively, with the highest density found in the external environments of restaurants, and the dominant species were Lucilia sericata, Muscina stabulans and Musca domestica. The densities of Blattella germanica were 1.41, 1.05 and 0.94 cockroaches per glue trap, respectively, and the infestation rates were 36.97%, 25.75% and 22.82%, respectively, with the highest density and infestation rate found in hospitals and farmer markets. Conclusion The species compositions and densities of main vectors in Shenyang have been generally identified through a 3-year surveillance.