一箭多星发射卫星空间距离测量与预报技术

Study on Technology of Inter-satellite Distance Measurement and Forecast in Multi-satellite Launch Mission

多星空间距离测量是一箭多星发射的一项重要任务。由于站点分布限制和轨道条件约束,国内多数卫星存在地面不可监测弧段,传统的地基测定轨方法无法满足全弧段连续性要求。针对上述问题,对星间距离测量技术进行了研究,提出了利用GPS进行星间距离测量的方法;并提出利用基于GPS数据的简化动力学模型法及多项式拟合法进行星间距离测量和预报,结果显示,预报10min的位置精度为数十米量级。该方法突破了地基测控可见区的限制,实现了全弧段的轨道确定,并规避了GPS接收机可能存在的短时中断或由于通信原因不能实时获得测量结果的风险;可为分析确定多颗卫星间的安全距离提供参考。

Inter-satellite distance measurement is an important task in multi-satellite launch by a vehicle. Due to the TTgaC （Track, Telemetry and Command） station distribution and the orbit constraints, the unreachable orbit segments exist for the majority of satellites. As a result, the conventional orbit determination based on TT^C network can not meet the requirements for full radians and continuity. To solve the above problem, a method for inter-satellite distance meas- urement by GPS is proposed on the basis of researches of inter-satellite distance measurement technology. Moreover, the GPS-based simplified dynamics extrapolation algorithm and polynomial fitting prediction algorithm are puts forward as well. The simulated results show that tens of meters precision level can be achieved within 10 minutes. The proposed method breaks the limit of the visible area of ground-space TT^C, and avoids the risk of losing measurement results due to short interruptions and communication problems of GPS receiver, which is expected to provide reference for analysis of safe distance between the satellites in multi-satellite launch mission.