4种方法建立大鼠糖性白内障模型的比较研究

Comparative Study on Four Methods in Establishing Diabetic Cataract Models of Rats

试验旨在研究D-半乳糖饲喂及D-半乳糖、葡萄糖和链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)腹腔注射4种方法能否成功建立大鼠糖性白内障模型,并在此基础上探讨各种方法的优缺点,以期找出一种快速、有效、安全性高、实用性及可重复性强的大鼠糖性白内障模型建立方法,并为犬糖性白内障模型建立提供理论依据。本试验采用D-半乳糖饲喂(日粮30%)及50%D-半乳糖(15g/kg)、50%葡萄糖(15g/kg)和STZ(70mg/kg)腹腔注射4种方法对同日龄大鼠进行模型建立,试验周期为30d,给药48h后尾静脉穿刺测定血糖,72h后用裂隙灯检查晶状体变化情况,每隔3d测定体重变化,同时每天测定饮水量及摄食量。试验结果显示,D-半乳糖饲喂组晶状体无异常变化;D-半乳糖腹腔注射组和葡萄糖腹腔注射组血糖始终未达到糖尿病血糖标准,但均在第3天可见白内障发生;STZ腹腔注射组在72h动物出现糖尿病症状,4～5周诱发白内障。结果表明,D-半乳糖饲喂不能使大鼠产生白内障;D-半乳糖腹腔注射及葡萄糖腹腔注射仅需3d即可诱发白内障,快速且成模率高,适合进行白内障药物延缓效应的研究;STZ腹腔注射需4～5周建立糖性白内障模型,因而更适用于研究糖性白内障的发病机制。

The assay was aimed to study whether feeding D-galactose,intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose,glucose or streptozotocin（STZ）could successfully establish diabetic cataract models of rats, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the four methods.We tried to find out an effective,stability,practical and repeatable method of establishing diabetic cataract model,so as to provide theory and experience for building sugar cataract models of dogs.We used D-galactose feeding（30% quality score of food per day）,intraperitoneal injection of 50% D-galactose（15g/（kg·BW））,50% glucose（15g/（kg·BW）） and STZ（70mg/（kg·BW））to establish the models of rats with same age.We determined the blood sugar after 48h, and examined lens situation after 72h.Body weight was measured every 3day.We also measured the food and water consumption during 30days.The results showed that all lens in D-galactose feeding group were normal during 30days of experiment.Both D-galactose and glucose injection caused cataract in the third day,although their blood sugar levels were normal all the time.STZ injection caused diabetes mellitus in 72h, and induced cataract during 4 to 5 weeks.Therefore we concluded that galactose feeding couldn＇t successfully build cataract models of rats.D-galactose and glucose injections were fast and better in inducing cataract,which allowed to examine the delayed effect of drugs in a short period.STZ injection needed 4 to 5 weeks to establish diabetic cataract models which was a proper way to study the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract.