创新的获利性研究:基于创新的可占有性视角

Research on Profits from Innovations:From the Perspective of Appropriability of Innovations

新兴市场下,创新的市场溢出效应是影响企业能否从创新中获利的一个重要因素。基于创新的可占有理论,识别出两种有关市场溢出的风险,即被本地市场竞争者窃取和在合作中被合作伙伴窃取。通过对苏州工业园区270家制造企业进行问卷调查,研究市场焦点(以出口还是本地市场为主)和企业组织形式(独资还是合资)如何影响新兴市场上高、低科技企业创新与绩效之间的关系,利用层级回归的统计方法进行实证检验。研究结果表明,独资的低科技企业比合资企业更能从创新中获利,在高科技企业中两种组织形式不存在明显差别;无论是高科技企业还是低科技企业,聚焦于出口市场都能增强创新与绩效之间的正向关系。研究结果对于新兴市场上企业如何从创新中获利有重要实践启示。

In the emerging market , the market spillover of innovations plays an important role in affecting enterprises′ability to profit from innovations .Based on the appropriability of innovations , the study identifies two hazards related to market spillover：stolen by local competitors and stolen by cooperation partners .Using survey data from 270 enterprises in Suzhou Industrial Park , we explore how market focus （ overseas market or local market ） and organizational form （ wholly-owned enterprise or joint ven-ture） moderate the relationship between innovation and performance for the high-and low-tech enterprises in the emerging mar-ket.The hypotheses are tested by hierarchical regression statistical methods and results show that ：①in low-tech enterprises, the wholly-owned ones do better in gaining profits from innovations than joint ventures do , while there is no significant difference be-tween these two types in high-tech enterprises;and②focusing on overseas markets can enhance the positive relationship between innovations and performances for both high-tech and low-tech enterprises .The conclusions have important implications for enter-prises in emerging markets to profit from innovations .