癸卯学制中的“中体西用”观与儒家教化的近代危机

The Idea of“Zhong Ti Xi Yong”in the Guimao Educational System and the Modern Crisis of Confucianism

"中体西用"是近代以来一种"融通中西"的思想观念。以"中学"为体,强调儒学在教育体系中的核心地位,以巩固传统的纲常思想;以"西学"为用,重视西学在教育体系中的实用价值,以达到"自强"和"保国"的目的,二者间的关系与张力构成了"癸卯学制"的核心原则。"中体西用"观一方面对传统教育向现代教育转型起到了决定性的作用,另一方面也加剧了传统儒家教化思想的近代危机。

Since the modern times, ＂Zhong Ti Xi Yong＂ （Chinese ideology and western applied science） is a kind of idea trying to compromise the Chinese culture and western knowledge. The idea regards the Chinese culture as the basis, emphasizing the core status of Chinese culture in the education system to consolidate the traditional moral obligations and preaching. It advocates the application of western knowl- edge, emphasizing the practical value of western knowledge in the education system to ＂improve self＂ and to ＂protect the nation＂. The relationship and the tension between the two constituted the core principle of the ＂Guimao education system＂. On one hand, ＂Zhong Ti Xi Yong＂ played a decisive role in the transformation from the traditional education to the modern education. On the other hand, the idea intensified the modern crisis of the traditional Confucianism.