天牛染色体核型研究及其核型快速检测在检疫中的应用(英文)

Study on the karyotype of chromosomes of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and rapid detection of karyotype applied in quarantine

本文研究了天牛科3亚科9族20种的染色体核型。在所研究的20种天牛核型中,染色体以10对为主,其性染色体决定机制以Xyp为主。这种性别决定机制被认为是最原始的形式。Xyp,是大X染色体和小y染色体形成的降落伞状(parachute-like)的二价体。在细胞减数分裂中,雄性细胞呈现单倍体数目。研究发现,20种染色体中1/2种类其雄性单倍体数目为10,并且由Xyp型性染色体的性别决定机制。生物活细胞在24 h内均能制作成核型玻片。由于不同生物种类间的核型差异显著,本文对应用核型检测方法检测和鉴定有害生物的可行性进行探讨。

Karyotypes of chromosomes of twenty species belonging to 9 tribes of 3 subfamilies in the family Cerambycidae have been described in this thesis, and none of them had been given a description cytogenetically before. The number 2n = 20 with a Xyp sex determining mechanism is the most common karyotype observed in 20 species of Cerambycidae. It is considered to represent the ancestral Xyp, the sex bivalent with large X chromosome and small y chromosome in parachute - like shape. During meiosis in genial cells, the males show haploid numbers of chromosomes. It was found in the experiments that half of the twenty species were observed to have n = l0 with a Xyp male determining mechanism. Living cells of insects can be used to make the karyotype slides in no less than one day if possible. And the differences among the different species of insects are significant, thus a rapid detection measure to identify the quarantine pests can be applied prospectively.