中国教育政策的简政放权之路——基于“决定”、“计划”、“纲要”的文本分析

The Decentralization History of Education Policy in China

1985年,《中共中央关于教育体制改革的决定》发布;1998年,国务院批转《面向21世纪教育振兴行动计划》;2010年,《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》正式颁布。至此,国家教育体制改革试点工作全面启动。在教育体制改革中,"简政放权"一直贯穿其中。对比这三个纲领性文件,结合国家教育体制改革实践,分析得出党的教育政策的简政放权之路是:中央向地方放权,更加明确更加系统;政府向学校放权,更加具体更加制度化;社会各界共同参与,范围更广更加规范化;强调组织领导,主导作用更加科学化;依法治教,教育法律法规逐步健全。

In 1985, CPC Central Committee： The Decision on Education System Reform was issued. In 1998, the State Council approved and forwarded Education Revitalization Action Plan Facing 21st Century. In 2010, China Medium and Long-term Plan for Education and Development （2010-2020） was promulgated formally, after which the pilot units in China education system reform have started. In the process, the decentralization is always in it. By comparing the three programmatic documents, we can sum up the conclusions as follows： in CPC education policy, the decentralization means streamlining administration and delegating power to the lower levels; the government delegates power to schools more specific and institutional; the involvement from social fields are broader and more standard; the leading role of the CPC leadership is more scientific; the legal schooling is coming to sound.