近郊村落的城镇化:水平与类型——以浙江省9个近郊村落为例

The Urbanization of Suburban Villages:Level and Type——Take Nine Suburban Villages in Zhejiang Province as an Example

城镇化实质就是农村社会转变为城镇社会的综合性社会变迁过程。近郊村落的城镇化是城市扩张的表现和结果,在中国特色城镇化进程中具有独特内涵和特殊意义。通过对浙江省9个近郊村落的调查,描述了近郊村落的城镇化过程及其被边缘化的现象,初步分析了近郊村落的城镇化水平与类型,提出近郊村落城镇化水平需要依据经济结构的非农化水平、人居环境的城镇化程度、居民身份的转变情况、基层管理的转换状况、社会保障的享有水平等核心指标进行度量。比较而言,不同近郊村落的城镇化进展与水平呈现出一系列共同性,但也存在着众多差异。近郊村落的城镇化在特定意义上就是"去农化"和"趋城化"2个方面的结合,根据"去农化"和"趋城化"的状况,城镇化进程中的近郊村落可以分为"脱离农业的村庄"和"留存乡村因子的城镇社区"2种类型。

Urbanization is essentially a comprehensive social transformation process that a rural so- ciety converts into an urban society. The urbanization of suburban villages is the manifestations and re- sult of city expansion,which has been endowed the unique connotation and special significance in China~ s urbanization. Through the survey of nine suburban villages in Zhejiang province, describes the suburban village urbanization process and the phenomenon of marginalized, preliminary analyzes the urbanization level and type of the suburban village, Put forward measure the urbanization level of suburban villages, a series of core index such as the non-agricultural level of economic structure, the urbanization level of en- vironment for inhabitation, the transformation of villagers＇ identity, the changes in the management of grassroots,the level of social insurance entitled to the masses, and so on. It can be clearly seen that the progress and level of urbanization in various suburban villages present both similarities and differences. The urbanization of suburban villages is, factually, the integration of two steps, namely ＂removing rural factors＂ and ＂approaching urban characteristics＂, which gives rise to two types of new suburban villages, one stripped off agriculture and the other retaining rural factors.