土地细碎化必然导致土地生产效率降低?——对土地细碎化与土地生产效率研究的批判性分析

Does Land Fragmentation Necessarily Reduce Land Production Efficiency?——Critical Analysis on Research of Land Fragmentation and Land Production Efficiency

通过文献研究,讨论土地细碎化的内涵及其形成原因,发现对于土地细碎化与土地生产效率关系的研究主要采用地块大小和地块数量2个指标,来自世界各地的经验研究结果显示,农户拥有的地块数量对土地生产效率具有负面作用,地块大小对其具有正面作用。从地块数量和地块大小对土地生产效率的作用合力来看,土地细碎化导致土地生产效率低下这一传统观点并没有得到完全验证。分析国内外关于世界各地土地细碎化与土地生产效率的经验研究的评述和理论发现,土地细碎化在不同的生产条件下对土地生产效率会产生不同影响,土地细碎化并不必然导致土地生产效率的降低。提出在推动农村向土地规模化生产转变进程中,应严格考察不同地区土地细碎化及与之相匹配的农户生产条件,特别是农村人地比例的变化,才能得出可靠的土地制度改革方向。

Based on literature study, this paper tirst discusses the connotation ann causes ui lallU fragmentation and then points out that most of the research on land fragmentation and land production efficiency mainly draws on two key indicators as quantity of plot and size of land held by famers,which shows a positive impact of plot size on land production efficiency and a negative relation between plot quantity and land production efficiency. However, in terms of the resultant from plot quantity and size to land production efficiency, the traditional opinion of land fragmentation reducing land production effi- ciency is still debatable. This paper focuses on reviewing the present empirical research achievements at home and abroad and analyzing theory about the issues of land fragmentation and land production effi- ciency,and finds that land fragmentation produces different effects on land production efficiency in dif- ferent production conditions. Namely, land fragmentation cannot necessarily reduce land production effi- ciency. In the process of promoting rural areas to land scale-up production, the governments should strictly examine the land fragmentation and changes of matching production conditions of farmer house- holds in different areas so that reform direction of reliable land system can be achieved.