黄河上游高寒区河流水温变化特征及影响因素研究

Analysis of water temperature changes and influencing factors in the alpine zone of Yellow River Upstream

探讨河流天然水温时空变化特征及其影响因素,为未来水资源规划和河流生态系统健康提供科学依据。基于黄河上游鄂陵湖～循化水文站河段各水文站1958-2008年水温资料,采用线性趋势分析和标准化距平分析,研究了该河段河道天然水温的时空变化特征;选取与水温同步系列的4个气象站1959-1997年气象资料,采用非线性Mann-Kendall检验方法分析其变化趋势,并对气温、降雨等水温变化敏感因素进行线性相关分析。结果表明:1)研究河段年内水温分布发生明显变化主要集中于暖季的5-10月份,黄河沿下游三站河道水温年际间均呈现较为明显增温趋势,但唐乃亥站下游两站河道水温却呈现降温趋势,开发河段水温变化的人为扰动影响远大于自然环境;2)天然河流的热异质性受气象、河流条件以及所处地理环境等因素影响,其中以降水和气温影响较大。

This research was to explore the natural river water temperature spatial and temporal variation and its influencing factors,thus,to provide a scientific basis for future planning of water resources and river ecosystem health.On the basis of water temperature data from 1958 to 2008,the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of water temperature on the Yellow River upstream Eling Lake to Xunhua hydrological stations were analyzed by using linear trend analysis and standardized anomaly analysis.The four representative weather stations with water temperature synchronized were selected,and the Mann-Kendall statistic test method was used to estimate the meteorological data variations trend from 1959 to 1997;respectively,the linear correlation analysis was used to estimate temperature and rainfall which are the sensitive factors of water temperature change.The results show that：1） The water temperature distribution patterns in the study river stretch changed significantly mainly in the warm season of May to October.The river water temperature of three stations lower the the downstream of Huangheyan hydrological stations showed a more significant warming trend,while the two stations river water temperature downstream of lower the Tangnaihai station showed a cooling trend.Anthropogenic disturbance of river water temperature was much greater than the natural environment in the utilized river stretch.2）Precipitation and temperature were greatly impacted on the natural rivers thermal heterogeneity;The weather,river conditions,and their geographic environment and other factors may also impact that.