宁夏地区社区回族和汉族老年人抑郁现况及其影响因素调查分析

Analysis on depressive status and influence factors of Hui nationality and Han nationality elderly in community of Ningxia area

目的:了解宁夏地区社区回、汉族老年人抑郁状况及其一般影响因素,为进一步有效防治本地区老年人抑郁提供参考依据。方法:2011年9—11月在宁夏银川市和吴忠市共选取4个老龄化社区,以55岁及以上符合调查标准的居民作为调查对象,采用典型抽样方法,运用老年抑郁量表(GDS)和自拟一般情况调查问卷,由统一培训的调查员在社区进行一对一问卷调查。结果:共有1 044人完成调查,343人GDS评分超过11分,抑郁总发生率为32.86%,其中轻度抑郁为26.45%,中、重度抑郁为6.41%;在影响抑郁的一般因素中,性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、吸烟和饮酒等因素与抑郁存在相关性(P<0.05),宁夏地区55岁及以上老年人群回族和汉族2个民族的抑郁发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:宁夏地区回、汉2个民族间的差异不是影响老年抑郁的主要因素,而在导致社区老年人抑郁的一般影响因素中,应特别关注女性、偶尔吸烟、经常饮酒和文化程度较低的人群,对这部分人群进行及时干预和心理健康疏导,可有效预防抑郁的进一步发生、发展。

Objective To invstigate the status of elderly depression and its influence factors of the Hui nationality and the Han nationality in community and to provide the reference for the further effective prevention and treatment of senile depression in local area.Methods From September to November in 2011,4aging community in Yinchuan city and Wuzhong city were selected,and the voluntary participation of 55years and older people were used as the research objects,using the method of typical sampling,the objects were given the Geriatric Depression Scale（GDS） and self-made questionnaire which were condutcted one-to-one by the investigators trained unifiedly.Results A total of 1 044completed the surveys,and the GDS score of 343peoples was more than 11.The total incidence of depression was 32.86%,including mild depression 26.45% and moderate and severe depression 6.41%.In the general influence factors of depression,gender,age,education,occupation,smoking and drinking were the risk factors of depression;there was no significant difference in incidence of depression between Hui and Han nationalities（P 0.05）.Conclusion In the general impact factors leading to depression of the elderly in community,nationality can not be considered,special attention should be paid to the female,occasionally smoking,often drinking and the people with low education level;intervention and psychological counseling for them can effectively prevent depression.