唐代前期非农人口籍帐的编造与其背景——以西州寺院手实为中心

Compiling and Background of the Non-agricultural Population Register During the Early Tang:On the Newly Unearthed Documents of Xizhou Monks' Registers & Statistics

新出唐代西州龙朔二年(662)《思恩寺僧籍》、神龙三年(707)《开觉等寺手实》文书,是官方控制僧尼人口与寺院财产的直接体现。但不能过度依赖民户手实与民籍的从属关系来确定寺院手实与僧籍亦存在必然的编造关联,寺院手实的性质是帐,而僧籍是法定的身份凭证。文书对僧人"破除"的统计表现了控制非农人口的严格,而寺院手实对人口和土地的详细统计是武周时期及稍后的"勘田检丁"政策强化的结果。同时,西州僧尼籍帐登录事项的细密与帐面的整饬,揭示了唐朝籍帐造写制度在西州地区的接受与成熟。

Because of the unearthed documents of the monk register of Temple Si＇ en, Siyuan Shoushi （the statistics of the temple population and land）, it＇s the normal measure for the government to control the non-agricultural population and temple property. Firstly, as a conception, Monks＇ Registers takes broad and narrow meanings, so there are no subsidiary relations between Siyuan Shoushi and Monks＇ Registers. Second- ly, the essay shows the importance of Pochu（破除, be withdrawn from the household register according to nat- ural or artificial reasons） in the Siyuan Shoushi, which reflects the purpose of the feudal census registers： tax and corvee. The d of the early Tang grown in maturity ocuments＇ regularliness in exterior, tightness in items being registered that is the expression politics. In conclusion, the form and the running of this special registration documents have during the Tang.