低剂量电离辐射生物效应研究

Biological effects of low-dose ionizing radiation

低剂量电离辐射(Low-dose ionizing radiation)已经成为辐射生物效应研究中的一个热点。随着研究的深入,关于低剂量电离辐射的有害效应、适应性效应和兴奋性效应的理论不断完善。低剂量电离辐射的有害效应与非有害效应同时并存,机制仍然难以定论。过去关于低剂量电离辐射的生物效应多是通过高剂量效应曲线进行反推的,而现在越来越多的人对电离辐射的线性无阈模型的正确性提出了质疑。本文从有害效应、适应性效应和兴奋性效应3方面对低剂量电离辐射生物效应的发生及其机理等进行了综述并提出了几个问题。

Low-dose ionizing radiation becomes a focus on the domain of radiation biological effects. Theories about the harmful effects, adaptive effects and the excitatory effects of low-dose ionizing radiation are progressed. The harmful effects of low-dose ionizing radiation coexist with the non-deleterious effects, and the mechanism in which harmful effects and non-deleterious effects exist as a whole remains unclear at present. In the past, the low-dose ionizing radiation biological effects were linearly extrapolated from the high-dose effects curves. However, scientists increasingly question the validity of the linear no-threshold model in predicting the biological effects of low-dose ionizing radiation. The occurrence and mechanism of the three radiation biological effects of low-doses ionizing radiation are summarized and some may be helpful for further research project.