劳动教养制度改革的路径选择——以实证调研为基础的分析

On the Path Choice of Reforming Re-education through Labor System:An Analysis Based on Empirical Investigations

尽管改革已经成为人们对劳动教养制度走向的共识,但如何进行改革,却是众说纷纭。通过实证调研,了解理论界和实务界对于劳教制度改革的基本态度,寻求在改革方向与方案上的共识,对于解决劳教制度改革所面临的困境,具有基础性作用。实证调研表明,通过立法规范劳教的适用范围、建立公正的司法程序、降低劳教的严厉程度等改革建议获得了相当高的认同度,而对将劳教轻罪化、保安处分化、改革为教养处遇等改革方案,被调查者的选择未表现出明显的倾向性。通过比较法研究,加之对各种改革方案的综合分析,可以发现,对于劳教制度改革,目前有两种可供选择的方案——制定违法行为教育矫治法和将现有的劳教对象作行政化和刑事化分流处理,相比较而言,前者更具可行性。劳教制度改革应当关注国际人权公约的要求,并以提升人权保障水平为基本方向;劳教制度的改革具有综合性,兼具实体和程序两个层面,二者不可偏废;在拟定具体的改革举措时,应当以实证研究为基础,考虑世界范围内相关法律制度发展的总体趋势和带有普遍性的做法,并注意我国法律体系内部的协调性。

Although to reform re-education through labor system has become a consensus in China,there are various opinions about specific paths of the reform.Through empirical investigation,we can realize the basic attitude of theory and practice circle,seek consensus on orientations and plans of the reform.This may fundamentally resolve difficulties in the reform of re-education through labor system.Results of empirical investigations indicate that some reforming plans are highly recognized,for instance,regulating the application range of re-education through labor by legislation,establishing an impartial judicial procedure and reducing the severity of re-education through labor.But respondents show little tendency towards other reform plans,such as replacing the re-education through labor system with misdemeanor charges,security measures or educational treatment.After comparative studies on jurisprudence and comprehensive analysis of different reform plans,we can discover that two plans are available to reform re-education through labor system- establish Education and Correction Law for Illegal Act,or divide the objects of re-education through labor into administrative and criminal catalogues.Comparatively speaking,the former plan is more feasible.The reform of reeducation through labor system should adhere to the international conventions on human rights,following the fundamental orientation of human rights protection;the reform of re-education through labor system should be of comprehensiveness,considering both substantive and procedural aspect equally;the specific reforming measures should be based on empirical study,in accordance with the general development trend of relevant legal system,in correspondence with universal rules and in coordination with domestic legal system.