4-6岁儿童情绪表达规则认知发展的影响因素研究

Research on the Cognitive Development of Emotion Display Rules and Influencing Factors in 4-to 6-year-olds

情绪表达规则是指一个人应当在恰当的情境中表达恰当的情绪。对情绪表达规则认知的发展是个体社会能力发展的一个重要方面,因此这一主题引起了国内外众多研究者的重视。在本研究中,以个别访谈法考查了4-6岁儿童对情绪表达规则认知的发展特点,并进一步了解情境因素以及心理理论能力的发展对它的影响。主要结果如下:情境变量影响4-6岁儿童对情绪表达规则的认知,对与同伴交往情境的认知优于与长辈交往的情境,对消极情绪情境的认知优于积极情绪情境;4-6岁儿童心理理论能力的发展与其对情绪表达规则的认知发展有关。

Emotion display lades have been defined as socially appropriate emotional responses to a given sit- uation. Understanding of emotion display rules is the crucial part of the social competences, so a growing number of researchers have paid their attention to it. In the present research, we attempted to use individual interview to investigate the development of understanding of emotion display rides according to the realization of situation and the distinction between real and appearance emotion, and to explore the inter- individual and intra- individual differences of development, and their influencing factors in 4 - to 6 - year- olds. The results showed as follow- ings： The context variables had effects on young children＇ s understanding of emotion display rules. The realiza- tion of situation and the understanding of verbal dissemblance in peer interaction were better than those in their in- teraction with eldership. The understanding of facial dissemblance in the situation of masking negative emotion is better than that in the situation of masking positive emotion. Young children＇s understanding of the emotion dis- play roles was strongly associated with their theory of mind.