我国环境责任保险立法若干问题释疑

Explanations on Some Issues of China's Environmental Liability Insurance Legislation

环境责任保险立法需要遵循环境责任保险立法的基本理念,遵循环境污染预防治理和保险承保理赔的一般规律。采用环境责任保险单行立法模式是我国的必然选择,具有理论上的合理性和实践的必要性。我国立法需要规定环境强制责任保险,因为环境强制责任保险是一个非常重要的内容,但不宜规定以环境强制责任保险为主。环境强制责任保险制度设计,要明确其定位,那就是仅限于通过国家强制对"市场失灵"可能造成很大损害部分的矫正。立法不包括渐进性污染的内容,因为其不符合保险之可保风险原理。应对企业渐进性污染,应该是通过加强执法和地方环境赔偿基金等方式途径来解决。立法要遵循保险一般原则,明确当事人诚信义务和损害赔偿限额标准,防范企业道德风险。

The legislation of environmental liability insurance needs to follow the underlying philosophies of environmental liability insurance and the general rules of the environmental pollution preventation and treatment and the insurance underwriting and claims. The use of the environmental liability insurance separate legislation model is an inevitable choice for our country, which has theoretical rationality and practical necessity. We should stipulate the environmental compulsory liability insurance, because it is a very important content of the environmental liability insurance. But stress should not be mainly put on it. Formulating the environmental compulsory liability insurance system needs to make clear its position which is confined only to through the state to correct compulsorily the part of damage that may cause by market failure. The legislation does not include the norms of the gradu al pollution, because it does not conform to the insurance principle of insurable risks. Enterprise gradual pollution should be solved through strengthening the law enforcement and the local environmental compensation fund and any other ways. The legisla tion should follow the general principles of insurance, define the parties＇ s obligation of good faith and the standard limit of dam age compensation and prevent the moral risk of enterprises.