美国市场罗非鱼进口需求分析

Analysis of the Import Demand for Tilapia in the US Market

中国是世界上最大的罗非鱼生产国和出口国,而美国是世界上最大的罗非鱼进口国,也是中国最大的罗非鱼贸易伙伴,其进口需求对中国罗非鱼的出口有着重大的影响。文章在分析美国市场罗非鱼进口结构特点的基础上,运用Rotterdam模型,建立美国罗非鱼进口需求方程,通过需求价格弹性与支出弹性分析美国的进口需求规律以及竞争对手对中国的影响。结果表明,美国罗非鱼的进口需求缺乏弹性,价格具有刚性;在美国市场上,中国面临着巨大的贸易政策风险和来自台湾地区、泰国和巴拿马的激烈竞争;中国罗非鱼在美国市场上的定位为低档商品,不利于出口发展。因此,通过生态养殖、精细加工、严格检验和高效运输等方法提高产品质量、改善形象是中国罗非鱼产业发展的关键。

America is the largest country in tilapia import demand in the world, as well as the largest country in consuming Chinese tilapia, so its import demand has a great impact on the export of Chinese tilapia. Based on the structure and features of tilapia import in the US market, this paper employs Rotterdam model to construct the demand function system of US tilapia imports, measures demand-price elasticity and expenditure elasticity, and analyzes the law of US demand for tilapia and the impacts on China from other rivals. The results show that the import demand of US lacks elasticity and the price is rigid; in the US market, China faces great trade policy risks and fierce competition from Taiwan, Thailand, and Panama; Chinese tilapia is considered as inferior goods and this will hinder the further development of tilapia exports. Therefore, improving tilapia quality and changing its image by means of biological aquaculture, refining processing, strict examination and efficient transportation is essential to the development of Chinese tilapia industry.