东干语(陕西支)声调共时差异实验研究

Abstract

本文用语音声学实验研究东干语(陕西支)五个年龄段声调的共时差异。主要结论是:(1)五个年龄段的声调有音位学意义的内部一致;(2)五个年龄段的声调曲拱有四组相同,最年轻的一组微异;各年龄段普遍存在音区差异;(3)五个年龄段可分为老(66岁以上)、中(45-65岁)、新(45岁以下)三派;(4)声调的区别度随年龄的减小逐步减弱。

With the experimental method of acoustic phonetics, this paper handles the synchronic tonal difference of the Donggan language among speakers of five age groups, all descendants from Shaanxi Origin. The main conclusions are as follows： （1） Throughout the five age groups, the speakers maintain interior consistency of tones, which have phonemic significance; （2） Among speakers of the five age groups, four groups demonstrate the same tone arches, while the remaining group of youngest speakers manifests a slight difference. Register differences are common in each age group; （3） The five age groups can roughly be divided into three types, that is, the type spoken by those beyond 66 or the conservative type, the type by those aged 45 to 65 or the medium type, and the type by those under 45 or the modem type; （4） Among the adolescent speakers of the modem type, the younger the speakers are, the weaker the tonal distinctiveness is.