建筑结构倒塌破坏的数值模拟方法综述

Reviews of numerical simulations on building structure collapse

对建筑结构倒塌破坏的数值模拟方法进行了综述,可归纳为预设损伤与破坏准则、隐式有限元、显式有限元、颗粒离散单元法等4类,分别就其发展历史和实际应用过程中存在的若干缺陷和问题进行探讨。根据颗粒离散元法的基本原理与特点,以某3跨10层的高层框架结构为算例,建立颗粒流模型,基于PFC2D软件编写程序,模拟该结构在突遭水平强击作用下从构件裂纹扩展、断裂、失效、退出工作、结构局部性坍塌一直到整体倒塌的全部动态过程,表明颗粒离散元法可对二维、三维倒塌过程中存在的大量非线性问题进行处理,与其他方法相比较具有较大优势。

The current major simulation methods for building structure collapse were summarized and these methods were grouped under four heads： pre-specified damage and failure criteria, implicit finite element method, explicit finite element method and discrete element method. The corresponding de- velopment histories were introduced, respectively. And the defects and problems were discussed which appearing in the building simulation by these methods. Based on the basic principle and charac- teristic of the discrete element method for particle materials, its advantages were analyzed in the sim- ulation of structure collapse. Then by taking a 3-span, 10-floor senior frame structure under horizon- tal strong impact as an example, a program based on PFC2D was written and a particle flow model was developed to simulate the whole dynamic process from structural member cracking, fracture and failure to part collapse of structure and whole collapse. In the end, the directions and problems to the further study were brought forward.