氟碳铈矿提取稀土的绿色化学进展

A Progress of Green Chemistry on the Decomposition and Extraction of Rare Earth from Bastnasite

氟碳铈矿是稀土工业的重要原材料。目前从氟碳铈矿提取稀土主要采用酸法工艺 ,该工艺虽然稀土回收率高 ,但流程长 ,试剂消耗大 ,成本较高 ,同时酸法产生 HF及废酸碱污染环境。因此寻找低成本、低污染的绿色化学处理工艺是近几十年中人们一直努力的方向。本文系统介绍了氟碳铈矿分解工艺的发展 ,并着重介绍了氯化铵法提取氟碳铈矿稀土的新工艺。该工艺采用盐类分解并氯化氟碳铈矿 ,直接用水浸取回收稀土 ,不引入酸和碱 ,提高了反应选择性 ,减轻了稀土与非稀土杂质分离负荷 ,降低了化工材料消耗 ,简化了工艺 ,提高了稀土回收率 ,是符合绿色化学要求的新工艺。

A new process of decomposition and extraction of rare earth from bastnasite is introduced.By comparing with traditional process,the new process adopts salt instead of using acid and alkali to decompose bastnasite.Thus it has the advantages in increasing the selectivity of chlorination process,lightening the separation charge of RE and other elements,reducing the materials consumption.The extraction process is simplified and the yield of RE recovery is improved.