兰州铁路西客运站候车大厅广播系统声场设计

Design of Broadcasting Sound Field for Waiting Hall of LanzhouXi Railway Station

长混响、超大空间条件下的广播系统声场设计、特别是与扩声清晰度有关的控制与设计比较困难,该情况在铁路站房候车厅的广播系统声场设计中常常遇见。结合兰州铁路西客站站房大厅的建筑、装修等条件,根据该大厅混响时间计算机的模拟结果,比较了采用大型线阵集中分块投射式扩声、传统小型点声源(或声柱)分布式投射扩声、精选点声源分布式投射扩声等几种方式下的扩声声压分布、语言传输指数和辅音损失率的计算数据。采用EASE软件计算结果表明,大型线阵分块式扩声和精选点声源分布式扩声均能达到设计要求。该结论仅对兰州西客站站房大厅有效,但其方法和思路在类似设计可以借鉴。此外,针对兰州西客站站房大厅的规模,提出了声场设计的参考标准和依据。

It is rather difficult to design and control the sound field of reinforcement system for oversize space with long re- verberation, especially for articulation, which is common in the waiting hall of railway station. Based on previous research, the building ＆ decorative features as well as simulation reverberation time of the waiting hall in LanzhouXi Railway Station, PA sound pressure distribution data, speech transmission index and articulation loss of consonants created by different meth- ods such as linear array concentrated block projection, traditional small-scale sound source （or sound column） distributed projection and selected point sound source distributed projection are analyzed and compared. The results calculated by the EASE software indicate that both large linear array concentrated block projection and selected point sound source distributed projection can meet the design requirements. The conclusion is only effective for the waiting hall in LanzhouXi Rail-way sta- tion, but the design method provides an example for the similar design case. Furthermore, based on the scale of the waiting hall in LanzhouXi Railway Station, the code and foundation for sound field design are proposed.