唐华文弘墓志中有关昆丘道行军的资料——近年新刊墓志所见隋唐西域史事考释之一

Recordings about the Kunqiu Route March in Hua Wenhong Epitaph of Tang Dynasty:the Studies on History of the Western Regions during Sui and Tang Periods from Newly Published Epitaphs(Part 1)

唐华文弘墓志记载志主于贞观廿二年(648)参加征讨龟兹之役,是关于昆丘道行军的重要资料。该资料所用西汉两个典故——傅介子刺杀楼兰王安归、陈汤矫诏攻杀匈奴郅支单于,均将首级送回长安,透露了此次昆丘道行军,曾有大将矫诏诛杀西域胡王,并将首级送回长安的信息。本文通过考证,认为真实的情况应是:贞观十八年(644),焉耆宗亲薛婆阿那支,囚杀唐留摄国事栗婆准,自立为王,与唐结怨。昆丘道行军伊始,薛婆阿那支不战而逃,为大总管阿史那社尔所擒。副大总管杨弘礼时任司农卿,职掌接收战俘,又为此次行军监军,有生杀予夺大权。阿史那社尔将薛婆阿那支移交给了杨弘礼,杨弘礼知道太宗深恨此人,遂数其旧罪而矫诏诛杀之,并将首级送回了长安。但此举违背太宗宽大为怀本意,引起了太宗的震怒,杨弘礼只能将阿那支的首级悄悄埋葬了事。

Hua Wenhong Epitaph of Tang Dynasty provides with key materials for the march on the Kunqiu Route. According to the epitaph,Huan Wenhong took part in the battle against Qiuci in the second year of Zhenguang reign( 648). It also cited two stories of the Western Han Dynasty. One is Fu Jiezi killing An Gui,the king of Loulan. The other is Chen Tang attacking Chanyu Zhizhi of Huns. Both Fu Jiezi and Chen Tang sent the chopped-off heads back to Chang'an. This revealed something that during this march a certain general killed a king of the Western Regions by a false order and sent the choppedoff head back to Chang'an. This paper studied this event and clarified the facts. In the 18th year of Zhenguan reign( 644),Xue-Po-A-Na-Zhi,a clan relative of Yanqi,imprisoned and killed Li Pozun who was left to control over Qiuci and made himself king,which triggered the bottle against Qiuci. Xue-Po-ANa-Zhi was defeated as soon as the bottle began and fled, but captured by General A-Shi-Na-SheEr. Vice-General Yang Hongli was the minister of Sinong and took charge of the prisoners of war at that time. He was also the supervisor of this march,having the power to deal with prisoners' life. When AShi-Na-She-Er turned over Xue-Po-A-Na-Zhi to Yang Hongli,Yang Hongli enumerated the crimes XuePo-A-Na-Zhi had committed and killed him and sent his chopped-off head to Chang'an by a false order. Though he hated Xue-Po-A-Na-Zhi,Emperor Tai Zong was furious at Yang Hongli's action. Yang Hongli thereupon could only bury the chopped-off head quietly.