从人到鸟神——北朝粟特人祆教祭司形象试析

From Human to God of Bird: an Analysis of the Sogdian Zoroastrian Priest Figures of the Northern Dynasty

在我国出土的北朝粟特人墓室画像中,有一种人首鸟身的祆教祭司形象尤具特色。粟特本土艺术中虽有人首鸟身图像渊源,但其祆教祭司均表现为写实性的人物形象,当是在进入中国之后,才有了人首鸟身祭司这一新形象。这样的创新与嬗变应当是粟特艺术家入华之后,受到中国墓葬美术中的朱雀神鸟以及"千秋万岁"等人首鸟身形象启发而形成的中西文化交融的产物。

Among the unearthed Sogdian tomb paintings of the Northern Dynasty was found a figure of bird-bodied Zoroastrian priest. Though there are origins of Man-headed-bird picture in native Sogdian art,their Zoroastrian priests are always painted realistically. The bird-bodied-priest figure should be created after Zoroastrianism was introduced into China,because this innovation and change should only be the product of Sino-West cultural exchanges. When Sogdian artists came into China,they were enlightened by the figures of rosefinch,a magical bird in Chinese culture,which appeared in the form of a bird with a Man head in Chinese tomb art.