小麦高产及超高产优化管理模式对氮素吸收分配、土壤硝态氮累积及产量的影响

Effects of Cultivation Management Modes of the High-yield and Super-high-yield on Nitrogen Uptake and Distribution in Wheat and Accumulation of Soil NO_3 -N

为探讨实现小麦高产及超高产的优质高效安全管理体系，设计田间小区试验，研究了小麦传统管理高产（G）及超高产（CG）模式、小麦优化管理高产（YG）及超高产（YCG）模式下产量、氮素吸收、转运及土壤不同层次硝态氮累积动态。结果表明：优化管理模式能提高小麦开花成熟期对氮素的吸收，促进营养器官的氮素向籽粒转运；YG模式与YCG模式籽粒中氮素吸收量分别比G与CG模式明显增加8．9％、7．2％；对于产量而言，YG比G的籽粒产量明显提高8．3％，但是CG与YCG之间差异不显著；优化管理模式能显著降低硝态氮累积淋移程度，使硝态氮累积峰出现在相对较浅的30—60cm土层，且峰值较低，显著减少了土壤硝态氮累积淋洗损失。

In order to investigate the management modes of high-quality, high-efficient and soil security of high yield and super-high-yield in winter wheat, the field plot experiment was conducted to study the difference of grain yield, nitrogen uptake and use, and accumulation of soil NO3 - N under traditional management and optimal management （high yield and super-high-yield 4 management modes including G,YG, CG, YCG）. The results showed that plant nitrogen uptake at flowering and- maturity stage, grain nitrogen from vegetative organs were promoted by optimal management modes; there were 8.9% and 7.2% increase in nitrogen uptake of grain of YG,and YCG compare to G and CG respectively; grain yield of YG mode was significantly promoted by 8.3% compare to G mode under traditional management, but there was no significant difference between CG and YCG under optimal management; NO3 -N accumulation and leaching loss were significantly reduced under optimal management, which made soil NO3 - N accumulation peaks appeared in 30 60cm soil layer, and the peak value was low.