枯草芽孢杆菌9A对杧果炭疽菌的抑菌作用及防病效果

Inhibitory effects on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and control efficacy against mango anthracnose by Bacillus subtilis 9A

【目的】枯草芽孢杆菌9A分离自瓜类白粉病病叶病斑处,为探讨其防病利用价值,【方法】测试了其培养滤液对杧果炭疽菌菌丝生长、菌丝膜透性、产孢量、孢子萌发、附着胞形成的影响,以及其培养液在室内和果园里对杧果叶片炭疽病的防病效果。【结果】含9A培养滤液浓度10%时菌丝生长抑制率为91.86%,孢子的产生受到促进作用;当浓度达1.5%时,附着胞不能黑化,达4%时,孢子不能萌发;9A培养滤液可以提高杧果炭疽菌菌丝的膜透性,培养至36 h左右时膜透性最大;接种后24 h时以9A培养液处理,室内离体叶片上的防效为0,果园嫩梢上的防效是40.55%;处理9A培养液后24 h时接种,室内离体叶片上的防效是100%,果园嫩梢上的防效是82.04%。【结论】枯草芽孢杆菌9A在杧果炭疽病的防治中具有潜在的利用价值。

[Objective] Bacillus subtilis 9A was isolated from a lesion of powdery mildew on the leaves of Cucurbit. The study is to evaluate the biocontrol potential of 9A. [Method] The effects of culture filtrate of 9A on mycelial growth, membrane permeability, conidial production, conidial germination, and appressorial formation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were tested in vitro, and the control efficacy of culture broth of 9A against mango anthracnose was estimated on detached leaves and in the field. [Results] The results showed that mycelial growth was inhibited on the plates containing culture filtrate of 9A at concen- trations from 2% to 10%, with the inhibition rate up to 91.86% at the concentration of 10%, meanwhile, the production of conidium was stimulated with those concentrations; appressoria did not melanize when the concentration reached 1.5%, and conidia did not germinate when treated with the concentration of culture filtrate at 4%; membrane permeability was enhanced when treated with filtrate of 9A, but reduced back to steady after rising up to the top at 36 h; the control efficacy on detaced leaves and in the filed was respectively 0% and 40.55% when leaves were treated with culture broth of 9A at 24 h after inoculation, and the control efficacy on detaced leaves and in the filed was respectively 100% and 82.04% when the leaves were treated with culture broth of 9A at 24 h before inoculation. [Conclusion] The results indicated that Bacillus subtilis 9A has potential for control of mango anthracnose.