银杏性别特征表现与鉴别研究进展

Advance of gender characteristics expression and identification of Ginkgo biloba

为满足生产实践及科学研究中对银杏性别鉴定的需求,系统地对银杏雌雄株在形态学、耐药性、生理生化指标、同工酶谱、染色体核型、分子标记以及特异蛋白质表达等方面的特征表现与鉴别研究进行了综述与评价。形态特征鉴别法最为直观简易,但形质指标差距较大,判断结果不稳定;化学药剂处理鉴别法简单易行,但仍处在定性阶段,缺乏准确的量性标准;同工酶法及染色体核型分析法均可靠,但难以应用于大规模实践;分子标记法及特异蛋白方面的研究更为准确,但尚需较高的科技支撑。在基因沉默、过量表达、基因修饰、制备DNA探针、研制试剂盒、绘制代谢指纹图谱等方面的深入研究工作,或将为银杏雌雄性别的高效快速鉴定及揭示银杏性别分化分子机理提供有价值的科学依据。

Ginkgo biloba L., an ancient relict and dioecious plant, plays a much significant role not only in the natural world but also in academia. Over the years, many scientists have done much work for its re search and utilization. Due to the different economic and application values between male and female trees in Ginkgo biloba, the differences between male and female trees have been concerned and studied for a long time to meet the urgent need for sex identification to support field planting. This paper reviews the main research results of the distinct characteristics between male and female plants in morphology, chem ical reagent resistance, physiological and biochemical indexes,isozymes, karyotype, molecular markers and specific protein expression of Ginkgo biloba. Morphological identification is the most intuitive and simple, but the judgment is unstable. Chemical treatment identification way is simple but not rigorous e nough. Isoenzyme and karyotype analysis are accurate and reliable, but difficult to employ in production on a mass scale. Molecular markers and the specific protein researches are more scientific and reliable but depend on high technology to support. Some new research fields, such as gene silencing, gene over ex pression, gene modification, and DNA probe and kit preparation, as well as metabolic fingerprint map ping, will provide valuable scientific basis for fast and efficient gender identification of Ginkgo biloba L.