《朱子语类》助词“将”结构及功能研究

Study of structure and functions of the auxiliary word jiang from “Zhuzi Yulei”( Glossary compiled by Zhu Xi)

《朱子语类》中助词"将"的用例,其结构共9类,以"动语+将+趋向补语"为最,出现了"动+将+处所补语+趋向补语""动+宾语+将+趋向补语""不+将+动+宾语(趋向补语)"等结构。其属性问题学界有词缀说、介词说和助词说,文章将其定性为助词,语法功能相当于现代汉语"着""了""过"。

Through a thorough survey of the book ＂Zhuzi Yulei＂ （ Glossary compiled by Zhu Xi）, we have classified 9 usages of the auxiliary word jiang with a total of 497 examples （cases）. Of the 9 usages, the structure ＂verb ＋ jiang ＋ directional complement＂ is the most commonly employed, whereas the structures ＂verb ＋ jiang ＋ location complement ＋ directional complement＂, ＂verb ＋ ob- ject ＋ jiang ＋ directional complement＂ and＂ not ＋ jiang ＋ verb ＋ object ＋ directional complement＂ are newly emerged structures. The emergence of the new structures of the auxiliary word jiang and the complication of the word＇s usages lead to the diversification of grammatical functions, in which the auxiliary word jiang serves as modem Chinese words ＂zhe＂, ＂le＂ and ＂guo＂.