免疫乳作用机制研究进展

Research Advances in Action Mechanisms of Immune Milk

免疫乳是对动物,例如奶牛、奶羊等进行免疫接种所获得的初乳加工制品。免疫乳除含有基本的营养物质之外,还含有丰富的免疫球蛋白、细胞因子和多种天然生物活性成分,它们对人体的保健与一些疾病的预防和治疗具有重要作用。其中,起主要作用的是抗体IgG。对于哺乳动物而言,新生动物免疫球蛋白Fc受体(FcRn)作为运载体能够识别结合并协助Fc跨过黏膜上皮屏障、胎盘屏障将IgG转运给胎儿和婴幼儿从而进入血液循环。IgG的Fc端能够和多种先天免疫细胞上的Fc受体结合并发挥被动免疫作用,这种母亲和胎儿、母亲和婴幼儿之间的免疫传递对于胎儿和婴幼儿抵御各种疾病的感染具有极其重要的意义。但是,通过免疫动物所生产的免疫乳是否可以避免胃肠道的消化和降解,完整地被人体吸收并发挥免疫作用一直备受质疑。尽管如此,免疫乳已经在很多实验和实践中证明的确具有一定的治疗作用,并已经有多种产品上市。本文将对免疫乳可能的作用机制进行综述。

Immune milk is a kind of colostrum products, which to animals, such as cows, sheep, etc for vaccination and immunization.Besides the essential nutrients, it also contains abundant immunoglobulins, cytokines, and a variety of biological active ingredient, which play an important role on the health of human body and the prevention and treatment of some diseases.The main function of Immune milk is the antibody-IgG.In terms of mammals,FcRn as a vector can across mucosal epithelial barrier, placental barrier to transfer IgG to fetuses and infants, thus entering to blood circulation, the Fc of IgG can combine with multiple innate immune cells receptor to exert passive immunity, the immunization delivery between the mother and fetus ,as well as mother and infant , has extremely important significance,which can against infection of various diseases for fetus and infants.However, whether the immune milk by the immune animals can avoid gastrointestinal digestion and degradation, completely to be absorbed by humans and play a role of immune, has been questioned.even so, immune milk has been proved to have certain therapeutic effect in many experiments and practice indeed , and a variety of products have already appeared in the market. This paper will review on the possible mechanism of action of the immune milk .