混合渠道下闭环供应链回收与协调定价研究

Recycling and Pricing Coordination of Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Hybrid Channels

在产品通过混合渠道销售和回收的情形下,以博弈论为研究方法,分别建立了集中式和分散式决策3种混合回收模式下闭环供应链的定价模型,求得闭环供应链中各成员的最优定价策略,对3种回收模式的优劣进行比较,并运用2部定价契约探讨了不同回收模式下闭环供应链的协调问题。最后利用算例验证所得结论,分析了渠道间存在竞争对闭环供应链利润的影响。结果表明:存在一个回收价格差敏感度的临界值,当消费者对回收价的敏感度大于此临界值时,制造商参与回收的2种模式是最好的选择;否则,委托零售商和第三方混合回收。二部定价契约可实现分散决策下闭环供应链的协调。渠道间竞争加剧对制造商和整个闭环供应链系统是有益的,但其不是越剧烈越好。

A closed-loop supply chain with selling and recycling through hybrid channels is discussed in this paper. For such a supply chain, there are three hybrid used product recollecting modes ： 1 ） recollec- tion by both manufacturers and retailers; 2） recollection by both manufacturers and a third party; and 3 ） recollection by both retailers and a third party. Game theoretic models for pricing decision are developed for different recollecting modes under centralized and decentralized decision-making, respectively. With these models, the advantage and disadvantage of different recycling modes are analyzed. Then, the closed-loop supply chain coordination problems with different recycling modes are discussed by using a two-part pricing contract. An example is given to show the influence of different modes on the supply chain profit. Result shows that there is a recycling price differential sensitivity threshold, and Modes 1 ） and 2） are the best choice when the sensitivity of recycling price is greater than the critical value. Otherwise, Mode 3 ） is the entrusted one. Also, chain coordination in dispersion decisions can be realized by two-part pricing contract.