容量超负荷心力衰竭大鼠模型的制备及心脏功能的超声评价

Establishment of rat model of volume-overloaded heart failure and reviewing on heart function by echocardiography

目的改进容量超负荷大鼠模型制备的方法并探讨超声心动图观察大鼠容量超负荷心力衰竭模型心功能状况的准确性与可靠性。方法采用大鼠腹主动脉下腔静脉造瘘方法建立容量超负荷心力衰竭模型,同时设置对照组,造瘘组40只,对照组20只,应用心脏彩色超声诊断仪动态检测大鼠左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末内径(LVESD)、左房内径(LAD)及左室射血分数(LVEF)等指标,颈动脉插管测定两组大鼠颈动脉血压(CABP)、左心室收缩末期压力(LVSP)和舒张末期压力(LVDP),以及反映左心室收缩功能指标的±dp/dtmax值,以评价两组间血流动力学改变;并于术后12周比较两组大鼠心脏质量及心脏重体重比(心体比)。结果造模术后8周,造瘘组大鼠超声心动图表现为左室心腔扩大呈球形,与假手术组比较,射血分数和短轴缩短率明显降低[LVEF:(61.31±3.07)%vs.(77.20±2.41)%;短轴缩短率:(30.37±2.39)%vs.(41.08±2.13)%],左室重量指数增加[(2.85±0.41)vs.(1.59±0.15)],心体比升高[(5.89±0.56)vs.(2.99±0.21)],差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01);造模术后12周,造瘘组大鼠LVDP[(12.53±22.63)mmHgvs.(2.27±1.77)mmHg]和-dp/dtmax[(-3.78±2.14)vs.(-5.80±2.26)]较假手术组升高,LVSP[(108.88±34.39)mmHgvs.(126.48±19.44)mmHg]和+dp/dtmax[(4.89±2.93)vs.(6.92±1.65)]较假手术组降低(P<0.05)。结论大鼠超声心动图可较好地动态评价腹主动脉下腔静脉瘘方法建立的容量超负荷心力衰竭模型的心脏形态和心功能状态。

Objective To improve the method of establishing the rat model of volume-overloaded heart failure, and discuss the accuracy and reliability of echocardiography in observing heart function in rats with volume-overloaded heart failure. Methods The rat model of volume-overloaded heart failure was established by using abdominal aortocaval shunts （model group, n=40）, and a sham-operation group was set （n=20）. The changes of LVEDD, LVESD, LAD and LVEF were detected by using color echocardiography. The changes of CABP, LVSP, LVDP and ±dp/dtmax were detected by using carotid artery intubation for reviewing hemodynamic changes in two groups. The heart mass indexes and ratio of heart weight to body weight were compared between two groups after the operation for 12 weeks. Results After modeling for 8 weeks, the outcomes of echocardiography showed left ventricular globular dilation in model group. Compared with sham-operation group, LVEF and LVFS decreased significantly [LVEF： （61.31±3.07）% vs. （77.20±2.41）%;LVFS： （30.37±2.39）% vs. （41.08±2.13）%], LVMI increased [（2.85±0.41） vs. （1.59±0.15）],ratio of heart weight to body weight increased [（5.89±0.56） vs. （2.99± 0.21）] in model group （all P〈0.01）. After modeling for 12 weeks, LVDP [（12.53±22.63） mmHg vs. （2.27±1.77） mmHg] and-dp/dtmax [（-3.78±2.14） vs. （-5.80±2.26）] increased, and LVSP [（108.88±34.39） mmHg vs. （126.48 ±19.44） mmHg] and＋dp/dtmax [（4.89±2.93） vs. （6.92±1.65）] decreased in model group compared with sham-operation group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Echocardiography can review dynamically the cardiac morphology and heart function of rat model of volume-overloading heart failure established by using abdominal aortocaval shunts.