微生物与结直肠癌关系的研究进展

Progress of research in the relationship between microorganisms and colorectal cancer

结直肠癌是胃肠道常见的恶性肿瘤，其发病与基因突变、环境以及炎症有关，近年的研究结果显示，微生物（细菌和病毒）可能在结直肠癌发病中发挥重要作用。常见的与结直肠癌发病相关的细菌包括牛链球菌、幽门螺杆菌、大肠杆菌、拟杆菌属和梭杆菌属等；病毒包括多瘤病毒、EB病毒、人巨细胞病毒以及人类乳头状病毒等。这些微生物在结直肠癌发病中具体的作用机制尚不完全清楚。与结直肠癌发病相关的微生物的宏基因组、宏转录组和宏蛋白质组是未来这方面研究的方向。

Colorectal cancer is a common carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract, and its incidence is associated with genetic mutations, environment as well as inflammation. Recent studies have shown that many microorganisms may have played an important role in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. The common bacteria involved in colorectal cancer are Streptococcus bovis, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coil, Bacteroides, and Fusobacterium, etc. The common viruses are Polyomavirus , Epstein Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus and Human papillomavirus, etc. The detailed mechanism of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is unclear, and there are no reports on specific pathogenic microorganisms which cause the disease directly. The direction of future researches will focus on metagenome, metatranscriptome, and metaproteome of microorganisms associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer.