杜诗“原宪”典故探微

An Exploration on the Allusions of Yuan Xian in Du Fu'Poems

杜诗好用典,而其中"原宪"典故频率较高。通过研究,笔者发现杜甫用此典前期多咏其贫穷,渴求提掖;后期则多咏其超脱,适性自乐。杜诗此典显得笨拙,在于套用过多。原宪典来源依据出自《庄子》而非《论语》,这与唐代推崇道教有关。诗人在唐代道教文化浓厚的环境中,从交友到生活、创作难免受其影响,故而道教文化对其诗作有不少影响。然而诗人对于儒、道思想并没有深入研究。

Du Fu,the poet of Tang Dynasty likes using allusions in his poems,in which the allusions of Yuan Xian is used frequently. By studying these poems,we can find that in his early years, Du referred Yuan Xian to his destitution and his desire to be promoted. But in his later year,Du employed Yuan Xian to mean his unworldliness, comfort and entertainment. The allusion is clumsy and changeable in its meaning. The allusion stems from Chuang Tsu rather than from the Analects of Confucius,which is due to the prevalence of Taoism in Tang Dynasty. Because of the Taoism environment Du Fu lived in, his so- cial community and poem creation was heavily influenced by Taoism. On the other hand, Du Fu did not conduct deep study of Confucianism and Taoism.